Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical design. Accurately identifying these voids is crucial for ensuring the safety of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical resistivit

Geotechnical exploration strategies are vital for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and terrain. A variety of non-invasive exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. These include boreholes, geophysical techniques suc

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral presence. These geophysical techniques often involve the observati